ABSTRACT
The aim of this research was to determine the water workout application effects on anthropometric characteristics, body composition and motor abilities of 13-year-old female adolescents. The research was conducted on the sample of 154 female adolescents from south-eastern Serbia, divided into experimental group (n= 82) and control group (n= 72). In the area of anthropometry, the following components were measured: body height, body mass, body mass index (BMI) and five skinfolds. In the area of body composition, the percentage of body fat and total muscle mass was measured. According to the Eurofit Manual, the standard tests recommended for testing school children were conducted, measuring the following variables in the motor area: plate tapping, sit-andreach, standing broad jump, sit-ups in 30 seconds, bent-arm hang test, agility run 10 x 5 m, and 20 m shuttle-run. The three-times-a-week water training programme lasting for eight weeks was the experimental factor. ANOVA results indicate the statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups in body mass, BMI, skin biceps brachi, skin suprailiaca, skin medicalf, skin triceps brachi and body composition variables (p<0.01). There were statistically significant differences between the experimental and control groups (p< 0.01) in variables pertaining to the plate tapping, standing broad jump, sit-ups in 30 seconds, 20 m shuttle-run, and sitand- reach and agility run 10 x 5 m (p< 0.05). Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that the water training programme affected the reduction of body composition, improvement of cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular force, muscular endurance and mobility in 13-year-old female adolescents. The given water training programme would be the means for obesity prevention in adolescents, which can be useful for the improvement of youth health and quality of life.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar los efectos de la aplicación de entrenamiento acuático en las características antropométricas, la composición corporal y las habilidades motoras de mujeres de 13 años. La investigación se realizó en una muestra de 154 mujeres adolescentes del sudeste de Serbia, divididas en dos grupos, experimental (n = 82) y control (n = 72). En el área de la antropometría, se midieron los siguientes componentes: Altura corporal, masa corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC) y cinco pliegues cutáneos. En el área de composición corporal, se midió el porcentaje de grasa corporal y la masa muscular total. Según el Manual de Eurofit, se llevaron a cabo las pruebas estándar recomendadas para evaluar a escolares, midiendo las siguientes variables en el área motora: golpear las placas, sentado y alcance, salto de pie, sentadillas en 30 segundos, prueba de colgar el brazo doblado, agilidad de 10 x 5 m, y 20 m de carrera de lanzadera. El programa experimental de entrenamiento en agua tres veces por semana durante ocho semanas fue el factor experimental. Los resultados de ANOVA indican las diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos experimental y de control en masa corporal, IMC, pliegue braquio cutáneo, piel suprailiaca, tríceps y variables de composición corporal (p<0,01). Hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los grupos experimental y control (p<0,01) en las variables relacionadas con el golpe de placas, el salto de pie, las sentadillas en 30 segundos, la carrera de lanzadera de 20 m y la carrera de sentarse y alcanzar, y agilidad 10 x 5 m (p<0,05). En base a los resultados obtenidos, podemos concluir que el programa de entrenamiento acuático provocó una reducción de la composición corporal, el mejoramiento de la resistencia cardiorrespiratoria, la fuerza muscular, la resistencia muscular y la movilidad en mujeres de 13 años. El programa de entrenamiento realizado en agua, sería el medio para la prevención de la obesidad en adolescentes, que puede ser útil para mejorar la salud y la calidad de vida de los jóvenes.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Swimming Pools , Body Composition , Exercise , Motor Skills , Body Mass Index , Analysis of VarianceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess associations between morphological characteristics of intracranial arteries in time-of-flight MR angiography (TOF-MRA) and atherosclerotic risk factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From January 2014 to October 2015, a total of 129 patients (65 men and 64 women) without intracranial arterial stenosis > 50% were included in this study. All MRIs were performed using a 3T machine with 3D TOF-MRA sequences. We evaluated irregularity, tortuosity, and dilatation of intracranial arteries in maximal intensity projection (MIP) of TOF-MRA. Subjects' risk factors for atherosclerosis including history of hypertension and diabetes were collected by reviewing their medical records. Associations between morphological characteristics and each known atherosclerosis risk factor were examined using univariate regression analysis. Multivariate regression models were built to determine combined association between those risk factors and morphologic changes of intracranial arteries. RESULTS: In multivariate analysis, hypertension (coefficient [95% CI]: 0.162 [0.036, 0.289], P = 0.012) and absence of diabetes (coefficient [95% CI]: −0.159 [−0.296, −0.023], P = 0.022) were associated with large diameter of intracranial arteries. Males (coefficient [95% CI]: 0.11 [−0.006, 0.23], P = 0.062) and higher age (coefficient [95% CI]: 0.003 [−0.001, 0.008], P = 0.138) had marginal association with increased diameter. Tortuosity was associated with old age (OR: 1.04 [1.02, 1.07], P < 0.001). Irregular contour of intracranial arteries was significantly associated with old age (OR: 1.05 [1.02, 1.09], P = 0.004), presence of diabetes (OR: 2.88 [1.36, 6.15], P = 0.0058), and previous ischemic stroke (OR: 3.91 [1.41, 11.16], P = 0.0092). CONCLUSION: Morphological characteristics (irregularity, tortuosity, dilatation) of intracranial arteries seen in TOF-MRA might be associated with atherosclerotic risk factors in subjects with no or mild stenosis.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Angiography , Arteries , Atherosclerosis , Constriction, Pathologic , Dilatation , Hypertension , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Medical Records , Multivariate Analysis , Risk Factors , StrokeABSTRACT
This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances. Especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper -face pictures of moire, according to the Sa -sang constitution. We have collected 113 cases of patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung -Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. Analysing the moire of upper face, the characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin and soeumin, and taeumin had a projected part of right upper face. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.
Subject(s)
Humans , Constitution and Bylaws , DiagnosisABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the pretreatment and posttreatment dentofabial characteristics of non-extraction patients with Class I malocclusion. And to compare this result with matched non-orthodontic normal occlusion and Class I premolar extraction patients. Such comparison might help identify morphologic characteristics of the non-extraction patients. Initial and final cephalometric evaluation were compared in a sample of 22 patients with Class I malocclusions treated in non-extraction manner with edgewise appliance and MEAW. The mean age of the total population was 14 years 9 months and the average treatment time was 2 years 8 months. 32 landmarks were located and digitized on each cephalogram. From these landmarks, 24 linear and angular dimension were obtained Student's t-test were used to compare the pretreatment - posttreatment results, Nonextraction - Normal groups, and nonextraction - Extraction groups. Significance was predetermined at p < or = 0.05. The results were gas follows. 1. Before treatment, the mean value of the ODI was 69.9degrees, APDI was 82.1degrees, CF was 152degrees, and El was 152degrees in the non-extraction groups. 2. The skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups were similar with non-orthodontic normal group3, but the non-extraction groups had larger interincisal angle. 3. Comparison between groups treated with and without extraction indicated at pretreatment, the extraction groups had more protrusive lips, smaller interincisal angle, and El. 4. After treatment, there was no significant changes in the skeletal pattern of the non-extraction groups, but uprighting of the maxillary and mandibular first molar and decrease of the interincisal angle were seen.
Subject(s)
Humans , Bicuspid , Lip , Malocclusion , MolarABSTRACT
The purposes of this study were to evaluate the cephalometric clv racteristics of Korean female patients with Class II division 2 malocclusion and to compare Korean females with Caucasian females who had same type of malocclusion. All of the samples had Class II division 2 malocclusion with deep overbite (more than 4nun) and fulll permanent dentition. These samples were divided into two groups according to the races: Group 1(N=16; Korean females; average age=18Y 2M) and Group 2 (N=20; Caucasian females; average age=14Y 2M). The pretreatment lateral cephalograms were measured, analyzed and compared by using 38 variables and independent t-test. And the results were as follows: 1. Although there were no differences in Overbite, SN to mandibular plane angle, Palatomandibular plane angle, and FMA between Group 1 and 2, the other vertical relation variables of maxilla and mandible (SN to palatal plane angle, SN to occlusal plane angle, ODD of Group 1 showed more clockwise rotation tendency of occlusal plane and less hypodivergency tendency than those of Group 2. 2. There were no differences in mandibular body length and ramus height between Group 1 and 2 except small upper gonial angle of Group 1. There was less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible in Group 1. 3. There were no statistical significant differences in UAFH/LAFH and PFH/AFH between Group 1 and 2. 4. Although there were no differences of overjet and anteroposterior position of mandible between Group 1 and 2, the position of maxilla of Group 1 was more retropositioned than that of Group 2. 5. Except the more protrusion of lower incisor to A-Pog of Group 1, there were no differences of inclination and distance of upper and lower incisors to basal plane between Group 1 and 2. 6. The distance from upper first molar to palatal plane showed no difference between Group 1 and 2. But the distance from lower first molar to mandibular plane of Group 1 was greater than that of Group 2. So it may be partially related to the clockwise rotation of occlusal plane and the less counterclockwise rotation tendency of mandible of Group 1. 7. Group 1 had more protrusive upper and lower lips than Group 2.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Racial Groups , Dental Occlusion , Dentition, Permanent , Incisor , Lip , Malocclusion , Mandible , Maxilla , Molar , OverbiteABSTRACT
Objective To provide a method for identifying the seeds of Astragalus membranaceus var.mongholicus(AMM) and A.membranaceus(AM) and to provide basic research data for establishing relevant Standard Operating Practice(SOP) in accordance with GAP of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.Methods The seed morphologic characteristics and microcosmic structures were observed by eyes,light microscopes,and electron microscopes;the seed germination rates of AMM and AM were also compared.Results There was no obvious discrimination of the seed morphology between AMM and AM.There was obvious discrimination on the characteristic of germination-hole,the microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats of seeds between AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage for AMM was higher than that of AM,and its sprouting was not even and sprouting peak appeared later than that of AM.(Conclusion) The seeds of AMM and AM can be identified accuratly with electron microscopes.The patterns of germination-hole,microcosmic structures of seed-umbilici and seed-coats can be used as indices to identify the seeds of AMM and AM.The hard seed percentage and germination characteristics can be used to(identify) the seeds of AMM and AM subsidiarily.
ABSTRACT
The epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological characteristics of senile cataract in Korea was performed in two different geographic area with population-based study. The results of this study are as follow. In this study based on 40 years of age above, the prevalence rate of cataract was 32.8% in mountainous area (Chung Won) and 45.2% in rural area (Mun Kyung), it had a strong tendency to increase according to age in both areas. But there was no clear relationship in sexual difference. The classification of cataract to the stage showed that the incipient cataract was the most frequent stage in all age, but it was relatively decreased according to age. The immature, mature and hypermature cataract was increased according to age. In distribution of lens opacity to the morphological charactenstics, the single cortical opacity was the most frequent and the mixed opacity was the second in order, but the single nuclear and subcapsular opacity were rare. According to age, the cortical opacity was decreased, mixed opacity was increased, but nucJear and subcapsular opacity were not changed.
Subject(s)
Cataract , Classification , Epidemiologic Studies , Korea , PrevalenceABSTRACT
The epidemiologic study to evaluate the prevalence rate and morphological characteristics of senile cataract in Korea was performed in two different geographic area with population-based study. The results of this study are as follow. In this study based on 40 years of age above, the prevalence rate of cataract was 32.8% in mountainous area (Chung Won) and 45.2% in rural area (Mun Kyung), it had a strong tendency to increase according to age in both areas. But there was no clear relationship in sexual difference. The classification of cataract to the stage showed that the incipient cataract was the most frequent stage in all age, but it was relatively decreased according to age. The immature, mature and hypermature cataract was increased according to age. In distribution of lens opacity to the morphological charactenstics, the single cortical opacity was the most frequent and the mixed opacity was the second in order, but the single nuclear and subcapsular opacity were rare. According to age, the cortical opacity was decreased, mixed opacity was increased, but nucJear and subcapsular opacity were not changed.